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Conversaciones de paz entre Palestinos e Israelies.Middle East peace talks
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Siguiendo las conversaciones de paz entre israelíes y palestinos , incluimos hoy en la tertulia del University College un resumen de la BBC
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| Jerusalén | |
| Israel | El gobierno israelí no está dispuesto a dividir Jerusalén , considerado como el centro político y religioso del pueblo judío .. |
| Palestinos | Los palestinos quieren que Jerusalén Este , que fue controlada por Jordania antes de ser capturado por los israelíes en 1967 , como capital de un estado palestino . La Ciudad Vieja contiene el tercer lugar sagrado en el Islam , |
| Estados Unidos | Los EE.UU. no reconoce la anexión israelí de Jerusalén oriental y mantiene su embajada en Tel Aviv . El presidente Barack Obama se ha opuesto a la construcción de viviendas para los israelíes en Jerusalén oriental |
| Fronteras | |
| Israel | El primer ministro Benjamin Netanyahu acepta que debe haber un Estado palestino y que no tendrá que ser una retirada israelí de partes al menos de la Ribera Occidental ( capturado por Israel en 1967) |
| Palestinos | Ellos quieren que las conversaciones sean a partir de la posición básica de que toda la tierra ocupada por Israel en 1967 pertenece a una futura Palestina . Todas las tierras dadas a los israelíes tendrían que ser compensados por un intercambio equilibrado de la tierra . |
| Estados Unidos | Los EE.UU. está de acuerdo en que el punto de partida, pero no el punto final debe ser la de 1967 y que un intercambio de tierras tendrá que ser la base de cualquier acuerdo . |
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| Asentamientos | |
| Israel | El gobierno israelí insiste en mantener los principales asentamientos israelíes en Jerusalén Este y Cisjordania . Cualquier desviación de este se rompería la coalición que forme el gobierno .. |
| Palestinos | Los palestinos pretenden que se abandonen todos los asentamientos como lo fueron en Gaza . Sin embargo , parecen aceptar que algunos tendrán que quedarse, pero que se sostienen por un número mínimo y un intercambio de tierras para cualquier que haya quedado. |
| Estados Unidos | Al igual que con la anexión de Jerusalén oriental , los EE.UU. no ha reconocido la legitimidad internacional de los asentamientos israelíes en Cisjordania. |
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| Refugiados | |
| Israel | Israel rechaza la idea de que los refugiados palestinos de las guerras anteriores se deba permitir ningún «derecho de retorno » a sus antiguos hogares .. |
| Palestinos | Formalmente , mantienen el «derecho de retorno » , argumentando que sin él, una gran injusticia no quedaría solucionada . Sin embargo , se ha hablado regular entre los palestinos para que este derecho pueda ser alcanzado por la compensación .. |
| De los Estados Unidos | Los EE.UU. entiende la negativa de Israel a retirar los refugiados y espera que esto puede ser resuelto por la compensación y la ayuda al desarrollo |
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| Seguridad | |
| Israel | El gobierno de Israel tiene miedo de que un Estado palestino podría un caer día en manos de Hamas. |
| Palestinos | Ellos argumentan que la seguridad vendrá cuando estén reconocidos los dos estados. . |
| Estados Unidos | Los EE.UU. acepta la necesidad de Israel de la seguridad, sino también la necesidad de un Estado palestino y la conciliación de estos, es el objetivo de su diplomacia .. |
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Middle East peace talks: Where they stand
As the Obama administration relaunches direct Israeli-Palestinian peace talks, the BBC’s Paul Reynolds outlines where the three parties stand on the core issues of the conflict.
Middle East talks: Core issues
JERUSALEN
Israel
The Israeli government is unwilling to divide Jerusalem, held to be the political and religious centre of the Jewish people. It stands by the 1980 basic Israeli law that «Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel». In the past there has been room for manoeuvre on the margins. In talks in 2000 and 2007, the then Israeli governments proposed exchanging some outlying annexed districts.
Palestinians
The Palestinians want East Jerusalem, which was controlled by Jordan before being captured by the Israelis in 1967, as the capital of a Palestinian state. The Old City contains the third holiest place in Islam, the al-Aqsa mosque, and the Dome of the Rock, from where Mohammed is said to have visited heaven on his winged steed Burak.
United States
The US does not recognise the Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem and maintains its embassy in Tel Aviv. President Barack Obama has opposed the building of housing for Israelis in East Jerusalem though he said before becoming president that dividing the city would be «very difficult to execute».
Borders
Israel
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu accepts that there should be a Palestinian state and that there will have to be an Israeli withdrawal from parts at least of the West Bank (captured by Israel in 1967) to accommodate this. Israel has already withdrawn from Gaza. Israel would like the borders to include Jerusalem and the major Israeli settlements that have grown up on the West Bank.
Palestinians
They want the talks to start from the basic position that all the land occupied by Israel in 1967 belongs to a future Palestine. Any land given to the Israelis would have to be compensated for by a balanced land swap.
United States
The US agrees that the starting point but not the end point should be the 1967 lines and that a land swap will have to be the basis of any agreement. It will encourage this.
Settlements
Israel
The Israeli government insists on keeping the major Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem and the West Bank. Any departure from this would break up the coalition which forms the government. An immediate problem is that an Israeli moratorium on West Bank settlements ran out on 26 September.
Palestinians
Ideally, the Palestinians would like all settlements to be abandoned as they were in Gaza. However, they appear to accept that some will have to stay but they will argue for a minimum number and a land swap for any that are left. They threatened to leave the talks if the Israeli moratorium was ended on 26 September.
United States
As with the annexation of East Jerusalem, the US has not recognised the international legitimacy of the Israeli West Bank settlements. But it accepts their reality and will press for compromise. It is also trying to reach a compromise on the moratorium problem.
Refugees
Israel
Israel rejects the idea that Palestinian refugees from previous wars should be allowed any «right of return» to their former homes. They say that this is a device to destroy the state of Israel by demography in order to re-establish a unitary state of Palestine. For that reason Mr Netanyahu has called for Israel to be recognised as a Jewish state.
Palestinians
Formally, they maintain the «right of return», arguing that without it a great injustice would not be put right. However, there has been regular talk among Palestinians that this «right» could be met by compensation. They refuse to recognise the concept of Israel as a «Jewish state», saying that this is unnecessary and that it ignores the Israeli-Arab citizens of Israel.
United States
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Security
Israel
The Israeli government is afraid that a Palestinian state might one day fall into the hands of Hamas and will be used as a stepping-stone to turning Israel into Palestine. Therefore it is insisting that it keeps a large measure of security control, including in the Jordan Valley, and that a state of Palestine be largely demilitarised.
Palestinians
They argue that security will come from a stable two-state solution not the other way round. They want as many attributes of a normal state as possible. Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas fears that client-status would be untenable and open to a Hamas takeover.
United States
The US accepts the Israeli need for security but also the need for Palestinian statehood and reconciling these is the aim of its diplomacy. It is unlikely, however, to recognise a state of Palestine which has not emerged from negotiation…………..
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